EP1694925A2 - Method of constructing a building comprising at least one arch - Google Patents

Method of constructing a building comprising at least one arch

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Publication number
EP1694925A2
EP1694925A2 EP04816431A EP04816431A EP1694925A2 EP 1694925 A2 EP1694925 A2 EP 1694925A2 EP 04816431 A EP04816431 A EP 04816431A EP 04816431 A EP04816431 A EP 04816431A EP 1694925 A2 EP1694925 A2 EP 1694925A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
pillars
arc
covering
arcs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04816431A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert Morel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1694925A2 publication Critical patent/EP1694925A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B1/3211—Structures with a vertical rotation axis or the like, e.g. semi-spherical structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B1/3205—Structures with a longitudinal horizontal axis, e.g. cylindrical or prismatic structures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of constructing a masonry structure comprising at least one arch or a vault.
  • Masonry works with barrel vaults or cloister arches have been known since ancient times. But the construction of such buildings requires very qualified companions. The complexity and technicality required to produce works of this type therefore limit their dissemination.
  • An object of the invention is therefore to propose a method of constructing a structure comprising an arch or a vault which can be implemented by personnel who are not specially qualified.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose allowing the use of prefabricated elements which can be transported, stored and used, without requiring complex equipment or infrastructure.
  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a structure comprising at least one arch and comprising the steps consisting in: - producing at least two pillars having a structure formed of hollow bushels, - engaging in each of these pillars an arc of circle, - fix on the chaining at least one element substantially in the shape of a U turned towards the extrados side of the arch, - fill the entire chaining between each of the two feet with U-shaped elements, - pour a binder in the U-shaped elements and the pillars to form an arc.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to create a structure from prefabricated U-shaped elements then to pour a binder in the U-shaped elements to obtain beams which will allow the structure to ensure a recovery of forces. important.
  • the method provides for connecting by chaining the base and the top of at least two pillars, which makes it possible to produce a structure having remarkable properties when it is subjected to earthquakes.
  • the invention also relates to construction elements for the implementation of this method, each element being prefabricated in cellular concrete, which makes it possible to obtain elements which can be handled by an operator without using lifting devices or handling.
  • the covering elements have at least one side having a hooking heel and at least one side having a shoulder
  • - the facing elements have a shoulder enabling them to be hung on an arc
  • - the facing elements have a rectangular part and an oblique nose.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a work in progress
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the work under construction
  • Figure 3 is another view of the work under construction
  • Figure 4 is a section view according to IV-IV of Figure 3
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of a work according to the invention
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a work according to the invention.
  • the structure shown has four pillars 2. These pillars 2 can rest on concrete footings which are not part of the invention.
  • Each of these pillars 2 consists of bushels, that is to say hollow and superimposed elements.
  • These precast elements can be made of cellular concrete and, in this case, are, therefore, of a small mass which allows an operator to handle them without a lifting device.
  • the first process step according to the invention thus consists in installing pillars with a hollow structure.
  • these pillars are arranged in a square.
  • each pillar is surmounted by hollow arc starting elements 4 which integrate arcing primers in the direction of the other three pillars.
  • the second step of the method according to the invention consists in engaging chains 5 in an arc of circle in each of the feet.
  • These linkages 5 are prefabricated according to dimensions varying as a function of the distance which separates each of the pillars.
  • the chaining can in particular be carried out by three rounds of steel linked in pairs by a mesh of expanded metal, for example sinusoidal. In a simple manner, it can be provided to fix the expanded metal mesh on the steel rings by crimped rings.
  • each of the pillars 2 three chaining starts from each of the pillars 2.
  • the chaining is arranged along the sides of the square formed by the four pillars 2 and, along the diagonals of this square, the chaining diagonal being of course longer than the side ties.
  • the third step plans to fix on the chaining elements 7 in U and to completely cover these with elements 7 in U. To do this, each element 7 in U is glued to the previous one.
  • the U-shaped elements 7 are prefabricated in cellular concrete by inclusion of polystyrene beads and thus have a moderate mass since the density of cellular concrete is much lower than that of conventional concrete.
  • each U-shaped element 7 made of cellular concrete can be lifted and put in place by human force, without using lifting instruments.
  • the elements 7 in U made of cellular concrete, can be cut with a handsaw if necessary to adapt perfectly to the chaining 5.
  • it is not necessary to put in place supporting equipment as is the case when making traditional arches. Traditionally, you have to support each segment until the keystone is put in place. None of this is necessary with the method according to the invention, since each of the elements 7 in U, having a low mass, is glued to the previous element as and when the elements 7 in U are installed. Bonding of the U-shaped elements together can be achieved with a micro mortar.
  • Each element 9 has on its face corresponding to the upper surface of the roof a construction on two of its consecutive sides a heel 10 and on its two other sides a shoulder 11.
  • This structure is common to all the covering elements, except for the covering elements 9 ′ adjacent to the diagonal arcs which have a hooking heel on three sides.
  • the covering elements 9 ′ have an oblique side to match the diagonal arc.
  • the covering elements 9 ′ are rectangular.
  • the first elements of the covering 9 are first of all placed from each pillar, until forming the entire arch.
  • the covering elements are, like the elements previously used, of a mass which allows their manipulation by a single man.
  • the covering elements 9 are fixed on the one hand by covering the hooking heel 10 with a covering element on the shoulder 11 of the covering element 9 previously laid and, on the other hand, by a bonding which is however not absolutely necessary, the mechanical fitting being normally sufficient.
  • the last step of the process provides for the installation of facing elements which will constitute the four faces of the structure.
  • the side facing elements has a rectangular part extended by an oblique nose.
  • each facing element 13 presented on its inner face a shoulder 15 which allows to come to bear the U-shaped elements forming the side arcs of the structure.
  • the side facing elements 13 are placed successively one above the other, the rectangular part prevents their tilting during their installation.
  • Figure 6 shows another possibility of implementing the invention comprising several parallel arcs between which are arranged covering elements.
  • Another induced advantage of the invention is that it is possible to envisage diffusing a vaulted structure as shown in FIG. 4 in the form of a kit including all the elements, that is to say a bushel for the pillars, U-shaped elements, covering elements and facing elements as well as the chaining.
  • these elements are molded in series, which of course allows an economy of scale and makes it possible to lower the cost prices.
  • the invention makes it possible in particular to produce a building which can support a roof or which can support a floor of a building. It is also envisaged to connect the base of the pillars by chaining so as to link the pillars which has the notable advantage of give a building thus constructed remarkable anti-seismic properties.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of constructing a building comprising at least one arch. The inventive method comprises the following steps consisting in: producing at least two piers (2) having a structure formed by hollow flue blocks (3); inserting an arc-shaped tie (5) into each of the piers; fixing at least one essentially-U-shaped element (7) to the tie, said element facing the back of the arch; covering the entire tie between each of the two piers with U-shaped elements (7); and pouring a binder into the U-shaped elements (7) and the piers (2) such as to form an arch.

Description

PROCEDE DE CONSTRUCTION D'UN BATIMENT COMPORTANT AU MOINS UNE VOUTE. La présente invention concerne un procédé de construction d'un ouvrage de maçonnerie comportant au moins un arc ou une voûte. Les ouvrages de maçonnerie comportant des voûtes en berceau ou en arc de cloître sont connus depuis des temps très anciens. Mais la construction de tels édifices exigent des compagnons très qualifiés. La complexité et la technicité nécessaires pour réaliser des ouvrages de ce type limitent donc leur diffusion. Un but de l'invention est donc de proposer un procédé de construction d'un ouvrage comportant un arc ou une voûte qui puisse être mise en œuvre par un personnel qui ne soit pas spécialement qualifié. Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer de permettre l'utilisation d'éléments préfabriqués pouvant être transportés, stockés et mis en œuvre, sans exiger de matériels ou d'infrastructure complexe. L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un ouvrage comportant au moins une arc et comprenant les étapes consistant à : - réaliser au moins deux piliers présentant une structure formée de boisseaux creux, - engager dans chacun de ces piliers un chaînage en arc de cercle, - fixer sur le chaînage au moins un élément sensiblement en forme de U tourné vers le côté extrados de l'arc, - garnir la totalité du chaînage entre chacun des deux pieds par des éléments en forme de U, - couler un liant dans les éléments en forme de U et les piliers pour former un arc. L'idée à la base de l'invention est de créer une structure à partir d'éléments préfabriqués en U puis de couler un liant dans les éléments en U pour obtenir des poutres qui permettront à la structure d'assurer une reprise d'efforts importants. Selon les caractéristiques de ce procédé : - il comprend la réalisation d'au moins deux arcs, - il comprend la réalisation d'au moins deux arcs parallèles, - il comprend la réalisation d'au moins deux arcs croisés, - il comprend une étape consistant à mettre en place des éléments de couvrement recouvrant l'espace entre deux arcs, - il comprend une étape consistant à mettre en place des éléments de parement venant se suspendre sur un arc. De façon avantageuse, le procédé prévoit de relier par un chaînage la base et le sommet d'au moins deux piliers, ce qui permet de réaliser un ouvrage présentant de remarquables propriétés lorsqu'il est soumis à des secousses sismiques. L'invention concerne également des éléments de construction pour la mise en œuvre de ce procédé, chaque élément étant préfabriqué en béton alvéolaire, ce qui permet d'obtenir des éléments qui peuvent être manipulés par un opérateur sans avoir recours à des appareils de levage ou de manutentions. Selon d'autres caractéristiques de ces éléments : - les éléments de couvrement présentent au moins un côté présentant un talon d'accrochage et au moins un côté présentant un épaulement, - les éléments de parement présentent un épaulement permettant de les suspendre sur un arc, - les éléments de parement présentent une partie rectangulaire et un nez oblique. Pour sa bonne compréhension, l'invention est décrite en référence au dessin ci-annexé représentant à tirer d'exemple non limitatif plusieurs formes de réalisation d'ouvrages selon l'invention. Figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un ouvrage en cours de réalisation, Figure 2 est une vue en perspective de l'ouvrage en cours de construction Figure 3 est une autre vue de l'ouvrage en cours de construction, Figure 4 est une vue en coupe selon IV-IV de figure 3, Figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'un ouvrage selon l'invention, Figure 6 est une vue en perspective d'une autre forme de réalisation d'un ouvrage selon l'invention. En se référant tout d'abord à la figure 1 , on constate que l'ouvrage représenté présente quatre piliers 2. Ces piliers 2 peuvent reposer sur des semelles bétonnées qui ne font pas partie de l'invention. Chacun de ces piliers 2 est constitué de boisseaux, c'est-à-dire des éléments creux et superposés. Ces éléments préfabriqués peuvent être réalisés en béton alvéolaire et, dans ce cas, sont, donc, d'une masse peu importante qui permet à un opérateur de les manipuler sans appareil de levage. La première étape de procédé selon l'invention consiste ainsi à mettre en place des piliers à structure creuse. Dans l'exemple représenté, ces piliers sont disposés en carré. Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 1 , chaque pilier est surmonté d'éléments creux de départ d'arc 4 qui intègrent des amorces de formation d'arc en direction des trois autres piliers. La deuxième étape du procédé selon l'invention consiste à engager des chaînages 5 en arc de cercle dans chacun des pieds. Ces chaînages 5 sont préfabriqués selon des dimensions variant en fonction de la distance qui sépare chacun des piliers. Les chaînages peuvent notamment être réalisés par trois ronds d'acier reliés deux à deux par un treillis de métal déployé par exemple sinusoïdal. De façon simple, il peut être prévu de fixer le treillis de métal déployé sur les ronds d'acier par des bagues serties. Dans l'exemple représente, trois chaînages partent de chacun des piliers 2. Comme on le voit clairement sur le dessin, les chaînages sont disposés selon les côtés du carré formés par les quatre piliers 2 et, selon les diagonales de ce carré, les chaînages de diagonale étant bien entendu plus longs que les chaînages de côté. La troisième étape prévoit de fixer sur les chaînages des éléments 7 en U et de recouvrir totalement ces derniers avec des éléments 7 en U. Pour se faire, chaque élément 7 en U est collé au précédent. Il doit être précisé que les éléments 7 en U sont préfabriqués en béton cellulaire par inclusion de billes de polystyrène et ainsi présentent une masse modérée puisque la densité du béton alvéolaire est très inférieure à celle d'un béton classique. Il est tout à fait remarquable que cette étape peut être réalisée par un opérateur seul puisque chaque élément 7 en U étant en béton cellulaire peut être soulevé et mis en place grâce à la force humaine, sans recourir à des instruments de levage. En outre, les éléments 7 en U, réalisés en béton alvéolaire, peuvent être coupés à la scie égoïne si besoin pour s'adapter parfaitement au chaînage 5. Par ailleurs, il n'est pas nécessaire de mettre en place d'appareillage de soutien comme cela est le cas lors de la réalisation d'arcs traditionnels. Traditionnellement, il faut en effet soutenir chacun des voussoirs jusqu'à la mise en place de la clef de voûte. Rien de tout cela n'est nécessaire avec le procédé selon l'invention, puisque chacun des éléments 7 en U, ayant une faible masse, est collé sur l'élément précédent au fur et à mesure de la pose des éléments 7 en U. Le collage des éléments en U entre eux peut être réalisé avec un micro mortier. Lorsque tous les éléments 7 en U sont posés, on coule alors un liant dans les éléments 7 en U et les piliers 2. En d'autres termes, les parties creuses de la structure ainsi érigée sont remplies d'un liant de type mortier ou béton. Il est ainsi crée et, c'est l'un des aspects les plus remarquables de l'invention, des poutrelles en forme d'arc qui pourront assurer une reprise d'efforts extrêmement importants. A ce stade de la construction, on dispose d'une ossature de l'ouvrage à construire. L'étape suivant prévoit la pose d'éléments 9 de couvrement de l'espace délimité par les quatre arcs. A cet effet, des éléments 9 de couvrement préfabriqués en béton alvéolaire sont mis en place. Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 4, chaque élément de couvrement est quadrangulaire. Chaque élément 9 présente sur sa face correspondant à l'extrados de la voûte une construction sur deux de ses côtés consécutifs un talon d'accrochage 10 et sur ses deux autres côtés un épaulement 1 1 . Cette structure est commune à tous les éléments de couvrement, sauf aux éléments de couvrement 9' adjacents aux arcs diagonaux qui présentent un talon d'accrochage sur trois côtés. Dans l'exemple représenté les éléments de couvrement 9' présente un coté oblique pour venir épouser l'arc diagonal. Dans le cas de voûte en berceau c'est à dire dans laquelle les arcs sont parallèles les éléments de couvrement 9' sont rectangulaires. Au cours de cette étape, les premiers éléments du couvrement 9 sont tout d'abord posés à partir de chaque pilier, jusqu'à former la totalité de la voûte. Les éléments de couvrement sont, comme les éléments précédemment utilisés, d'une masse qui permet leur manipulation par un homme seul. La fixation des éléments de couvrement 9 se fait d'une part par le recouvrement du talon d'accrochage 10 d'un élément de couvrement sur l'épaulement 1 1 de l'élément du couvrement 9 précédemment posé et, d'autre part, par un collage qui n'est toutefois pas absolument nécessaire, l'emboîtage mécanique étant normalement suffisant. Enfin, la dernière étape du procédé prévoit la mise en place d'éléments de parement qui vont constituer les quatre faces de l'ouvrage. Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 4, les éléments de parement latéraux présente une partie rectangulaire prolongée par un nez oblique. On note également pour chaque élément de parement 13 présenté sur sa face intérieure un épaulement 15 qui permet de venir appuyer les éléments en U formant les arcs de côté de l'ouvrage. Les éléments de parements 13 latéraux se posent successivement les uns au dessus des autres, la partie rectangulaire empêche leur basculement au cours de leur pose. Pour la suite, il est possible de monter un toit sur l'ouvrage, après avoir recouvert la voûte d'un isolant tel que de la pozzolanne. Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée à la forme de réalisation décrite précédemment, mais elle en embrasse au contraire toutes les formes de réalisation. C'est ainsi qu'il est possible • de prolonger les chaînages depuis chaque pilier jusqu'à un étage supérieur, ce qui autorise une reprise des efforts sur les piliers, • d'envisager qu'un pilier supporte jusqu'à six arcs dans le cas d'un pilier se trouvant au centre de l'ouvrage, • de prévoir un chaînage qui relie la base de chaînage verticaux présents dans les piliers et un chaînage qui relie le sommet des chaînages verticaux présents dans les piliers pour donner un l'ouvrage des propriétés antisismiques. La figure 6 montre une autre possibilité de mise en œuvre de l'invention comprenant plusieurs arcs parallèles entre lesquels sont disposés des éléments de couvrement. Un autre avantage induit de l'invention est que l'on peut envisager de diffuser un ouvrage voûté tel qu'il est représenté à la figure 4 sous forme d'un kit incluant tous les éléments c'est-à-dire boisseau pour le piliers, éléments en U, éléments de couvrement et éléments de parement ainsi que les chaînage. Pour des ouvrages de dimension standard, ces éléments sont moulés en série ce qui permet bien entendu une économie d'échelle et permet d'abaisser les prix de revient. L'invention permet notamment de réaliser un bâtiment qui peut supporter une toiture ou qui peut supporter un étage d'un bâtiment Il est également envisagé de relier la base des piliers par des chaînages de façon à lier les piliers ce qui a comme avantage notable de conférer à un bâtiment ainsi construit de remarquables propriétés anti sismiques. METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING A BUILDING COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE VAULT. The present invention relates to a method of constructing a masonry structure comprising at least one arch or a vault. Masonry works with barrel vaults or cloister arches have been known since ancient times. But the construction of such buildings requires very qualified companions. The complexity and technicality required to produce works of this type therefore limit their dissemination. An object of the invention is therefore to propose a method of constructing a structure comprising an arch or a vault which can be implemented by personnel who are not specially qualified. Another object of the invention is to propose allowing the use of prefabricated elements which can be transported, stored and used, without requiring complex equipment or infrastructure. The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a structure comprising at least one arch and comprising the steps consisting in: - producing at least two pillars having a structure formed of hollow bushels, - engaging in each of these pillars an arc of circle, - fix on the chaining at least one element substantially in the shape of a U turned towards the extrados side of the arch, - fill the entire chaining between each of the two feet with U-shaped elements, - pour a binder in the U-shaped elements and the pillars to form an arc. The basic idea of the invention is to create a structure from prefabricated U-shaped elements then to pour a binder in the U-shaped elements to obtain beams which will allow the structure to ensure a recovery of forces. important. According to the characteristics of this process: - it includes the production of at least two arcs, - it includes the production of at least two parallel arcs, - it includes the production of at least two crossed arcs, - It comprises a step consisting in putting in place covering elements covering the space between two arches, - it comprises a step consisting in putting in place facing elements which are suspended on an arc. Advantageously, the method provides for connecting by chaining the base and the top of at least two pillars, which makes it possible to produce a structure having remarkable properties when it is subjected to earthquakes. The invention also relates to construction elements for the implementation of this method, each element being prefabricated in cellular concrete, which makes it possible to obtain elements which can be handled by an operator without using lifting devices or handling. According to other characteristics of these elements: - the covering elements have at least one side having a hooking heel and at least one side having a shoulder, - the facing elements have a shoulder enabling them to be hung on an arc, - the facing elements have a rectangular part and an oblique nose. For a good understanding, the invention is described with reference to the attached drawing representing, from a non-limiting example, several embodiments of works according to the invention. Figure 1 is a perspective view of a work in progress, Figure 2 is a perspective view of the work under construction Figure 3 is another view of the work under construction, Figure 4 is a section view according to IV-IV of Figure 3, Figure 5 is a perspective view of a work according to the invention, Figure 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a work according to the invention. Referring first to Figure 1, we see that the structure shown has four pillars 2. These pillars 2 can rest on concrete footings which are not part of the invention. Each of these pillars 2 consists of bushels, that is to say hollow and superimposed elements. These precast elements can be made of cellular concrete and, in this case, are, therefore, of a small mass which allows an operator to handle them without a lifting device. The first process step according to the invention thus consists in installing pillars with a hollow structure. In the example shown, these pillars are arranged in a square. As can be seen in FIG. 1, each pillar is surmounted by hollow arc starting elements 4 which integrate arcing primers in the direction of the other three pillars. The second step of the method according to the invention consists in engaging chains 5 in an arc of circle in each of the feet. These linkages 5 are prefabricated according to dimensions varying as a function of the distance which separates each of the pillars. The chaining can in particular be carried out by three rounds of steel linked in pairs by a mesh of expanded metal, for example sinusoidal. In a simple manner, it can be provided to fix the expanded metal mesh on the steel rings by crimped rings. In the example shown, three chaining starts from each of the pillars 2. As can be clearly seen in the drawing, the chaining is arranged along the sides of the square formed by the four pillars 2 and, along the diagonals of this square, the chaining diagonal being of course longer than the side ties. The third step plans to fix on the chaining elements 7 in U and to completely cover these with elements 7 in U. To do this, each element 7 in U is glued to the previous one. It should be noted that the U-shaped elements 7 are prefabricated in cellular concrete by inclusion of polystyrene beads and thus have a moderate mass since the density of cellular concrete is much lower than that of conventional concrete. It is quite remarkable that this step can be carried out by an operator alone since each U-shaped element 7 made of cellular concrete can be lifted and put in place by human force, without using lifting instruments. In addition, the elements 7 in U, made of cellular concrete, can be cut with a handsaw if necessary to adapt perfectly to the chaining 5. Furthermore, it is not necessary to put in place supporting equipment as is the case when making traditional arches. Traditionally, you have to support each segment until the keystone is put in place. None of this is necessary with the method according to the invention, since each of the elements 7 in U, having a low mass, is glued to the previous element as and when the elements 7 in U are installed. Bonding of the U-shaped elements together can be achieved with a micro mortar. When all of the U-shaped elements 7 are laid, a binder is then poured into the U-shaped elements 7 and the pillars 2. In other words, the hollow parts of the structure thus erected are filled with a mortar-type binder or concrete. It is thus created and, this is one of the most remarkable aspects of the invention, arched beams which will be able to ensure an extremely significant recovery of forces. At this stage of construction, there is a framework of the structure to be built. The next step provides for the installation of elements 9 for covering the space delimited by the four arches. To this end, prefabricated covering elements 9 of cellular concrete are put in place. As can be seen in Figure 4, each covering element is quadrangular. Each element 9 has on its face corresponding to the upper surface of the roof a construction on two of its consecutive sides a heel 10 and on its two other sides a shoulder 11. This structure is common to all the covering elements, except for the covering elements 9 ′ adjacent to the diagonal arcs which have a hooking heel on three sides. In the example shown, the covering elements 9 ′ have an oblique side to match the diagonal arc. In the case of a barrel vault that is to say in which the arcs are parallel, the covering elements 9 ′ are rectangular. During this stage, the first elements of the covering 9 are first of all placed from each pillar, until forming the entire arch. The covering elements are, like the elements previously used, of a mass which allows their manipulation by a single man. The covering elements 9 are fixed on the one hand by covering the hooking heel 10 with a covering element on the shoulder 11 of the covering element 9 previously laid and, on the other hand, by a bonding which is however not absolutely necessary, the mechanical fitting being normally sufficient. Finally, the last step of the process provides for the installation of facing elements which will constitute the four faces of the structure. As can be seen in Figure 4, the side facing elements has a rectangular part extended by an oblique nose. We also note for each facing element 13 presented on its inner face a shoulder 15 which allows to come to bear the U-shaped elements forming the side arcs of the structure. The side facing elements 13 are placed successively one above the other, the rectangular part prevents their tilting during their installation. For the rest, it is possible to mount a roof on the structure, after having covered the roof with an insulator such as pozzolan. Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, but on the contrary embraces all of the embodiments. This is how it is possible • to extend the chaining from each pillar to an upper floor, which allows a resumption of efforts on the pillars, • to consider that a pillar supports up to six arcs in the case of a pillar located in the center of the structure, • to provide a chaining which connects the base of vertical chaining present in the pillars and a chaining which connects the top of the vertical chaining present in the pillars to give a work of anti-seismic properties. Figure 6 shows another possibility of implementing the invention comprising several parallel arcs between which are arranged covering elements. Another induced advantage of the invention is that it is possible to envisage diffusing a vaulted structure as shown in FIG. 4 in the form of a kit including all the elements, that is to say a bushel for the pillars, U-shaped elements, covering elements and facing elements as well as the chaining. For standard-size works, these elements are molded in series, which of course allows an economy of scale and makes it possible to lower the cost prices. The invention makes it possible in particular to produce a building which can support a roof or which can support a floor of a building. It is also envisaged to connect the base of the pillars by chaining so as to link the pillars which has the notable advantage of give a building thus constructed remarkable anti-seismic properties.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1. Procédé de fabrication d'un ouvrage comportant au moins une voûte, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes consistant à : - réaliser au moins deux piliers (2) présentant une structure formée de boisseaux (3) creux, - engager dans chacun de ces pieds un chaînage (5) en arc de cercle, - fixer sur le chaînage au moins un élément sensiblement en forme de U (7) tourné vers le côté extrados de l'arc, - garnir la totalité du chaînage entre chacun des deux pieds d'élément en U (7), - couler un liant dans les éléments en forme de U (7) et les piliers (2) pour former un arc. CLAIMS 1. Method for manufacturing a structure comprising at least one vault, characterized in that it comprises the steps consisting in: - producing at least two pillars (2) having a structure formed by hollow plugs (3), - engaging in each of these feet a chain (5) in an arc, - fix on the chain at least one element substantially in the shape of a U (7) facing the upper side of the arc, - fill the entire chain between each of the two feet of U-shaped element (7), - pour a binder in the U-shaped elements (7) and the pillars (2) to form an arc.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend la réalisation d'au moins deux arcs. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the production of at least two arcs.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend la réalisation d'au moins deux arcs parallèles. 3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises the production of at least two parallel arcs.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend la réalisation d'au moins deux arcs croisés. 4. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises the production of at least two crossed arcs.
5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape consistant à mettre en place des éléments de couvrement (9) recouvrant l'espace entre deux arcs. 5. Method according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a step consisting in setting up covering elements (9) covering the space between two arcs.
6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape consistant à mettre en place des éléments de parement (13) venant se suspendre sur un arc. 6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises a step consisting in setting up facing elements (13) coming to hang on an arc.
7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend l'étape consistant à relier par un chaînage la base et le sommet d'au moins deux piliers (2). 7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises the step of connecting by chaining the base and the top of at least two pillars (2).
8. Eléments de construction pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon les revendications 1 à 7, caractérisés en ce que chaque élément (2,8. Construction elements for implementing the method according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that each element (2,
7, 9, 13) est préfabriqué en béton alvéolaire. 7, 9, 13) is prefabricated in cellular concrete.
9. Eléments selon la revendication 8, caractérisés en ce que les éléments de couvrement (9) présentent au moins un côté présentant un talon d'accrochage ( 10) et au moins un côté présentant un épaulement9. Elements according to claim 8, characterized in that the covering elements (9) have at least one side having a hooking heel (10) and at least one side having a shoulder
(1 1 ). (1 1).
10. Eléments selon la revendication 8 ou la revendication 9, caractérisés en ce que les éléments de parement (13) présentent un épaulement (15) permettant de les suspendre sur un arc. 10. Elements according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that the facing elements (13) have a shoulder (15) for suspending them on an arc.
11. Eléments de parement selon la revendication 9, caractérisés en ce que les éléments de parement (13) présentent une partie rectangulaire et un nez oblique. 11. facing elements according to claim 9, characterized in that the facing elements (13) have a rectangular part and an oblique nose.
EP04816431A 2003-12-17 2004-12-17 Method of constructing a building comprising at least one arch Withdrawn EP1694925A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0314780A FR2864124B1 (en) 2003-12-17 2003-12-17 METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING A BUILDING COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE VOUTE
PCT/FR2004/003297 WO2005059262A2 (en) 2003-12-17 2004-12-17 Method of constructing a building comprising at least one arch

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1694925A2 true EP1694925A2 (en) 2006-08-30

Family

ID=34630230

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04816431A Withdrawn EP1694925A2 (en) 2003-12-17 2004-12-17 Method of constructing a building comprising at least one arch

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1694925A2 (en)
FR (1) FR2864124B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005059262A2 (en)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
HU203391B (en) * 1985-07-05 1991-07-29 Magyarovari Timfoeld Es Muekor Fireproof heat-insulating furnace-roof form cast from the melt of metal-oxides and furnace-roof made of the same
DE3704900A1 (en) * 1987-02-17 1988-08-25 Ziegelwerk Trost Gmbh & Co Cellar vault
BE1006132A6 (en) * 1992-01-29 1994-05-24 Impca S A Flag is modular elements.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2005059262A3 (en) 2005-09-15
WO2005059262A2 (en) 2005-06-30
FR2864124B1 (en) 2006-02-17
FR2864124A1 (en) 2005-06-24

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